![]() Incubators are smaller subunits that exist outside of the existing military bureaucracy. ![]() Second, the persistent efforts of advocacy networks to support proposed changes coming from those same incubators. First, the presence of effective doctrinal incubators within the Army. Examining the numerous doctrinal changes the Army has undergone since 1975, he identifies two key institutional processes responsible. Jensen seeks to answer in his new book, Forging the Sword. Army been able to readily make these changes successfully despite the many other examples of military organizations that have proven wholly unable to do so? These revisions included the introduction of Active Defense, Air-Land Battle, and Counterinsurgency doctrine, all of which were major doctrinal shifts designed to meet changing operational environments. Army has updated its main operational doctrine publication, Field Manual 3-0, seven times. Since the conclusion of the Vietnam War, the U.S. Fuller referred to doctrine as “set of principles the Army uses to guide its actions in support of a national objectives.” The Department of Defense, in its quest to make any simple explanation unnecessarily cumbersome, defines doctrine as “fundamental principles by which the military forces or elements thereof guide their actions in support of national objectives.” To put it more simply than this, doctrine provides the lingua franca for military planners and thinkers to effectively discuss the military problems they face. By the end of the war, the Army had evolved into a competent and robust mechanized force. ![]() The United States entered World War II with the Army’s horse-bound 26th Cavalry Regiment engaging Japanese tanks during the Philippines campaign. ![]() Yet militaries do evolve over time to meet new challenges. Indeed, these are fairly predictable indictments that have dogged military organizations for centuries. Army is often accused of being slow to change and unimaginative. ![]() Jensen, Forging the Sword: Doctrinal Change in the U.S. ![]()
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